山西省阳泉市城市热岛效应特征分析     

李润春  崔建国  牛俊玫  李兴  岳凯杰  王晓敏 《气象与环境学报》2014,30(2):74-80

利用1972－2011年阳泉市3个国家级气象站资料、2011年36个乡镇区域自动站气温资料,分析了阳泉市城市热岛效应的年际变化、季节变化、月变化和日变化特征。结果表明：阳泉市存在弱的城市热岛效应,1972－2011年平均热岛强度0.554 ℃。阳泉市城市热岛强度整体呈显著上升趋势,热岛强度的增加主要是由于夏季热岛强度的增强;热岛强度冬、秋季强,春、夏季弱;12月最强,5月最弱;热岛强度日变化表现为12时最小,从傍晚开始随降温逐渐增大,到早晨气温降到最低时最大,日出之后迅速减小;2008－2011年最强热岛强度出现在2010年1月14日08时,达7.9 ℃。阳泉在升温天气热岛强度变幅增大,易在早晨形成较强城市热岛,下午形成城市冷岛;降温天气热岛强度变幅减小;温度变化较小时则易维持弱的城市热岛。阳泉市主要城市发展因子与霾日数、气温呈显著正相关,在目前的经济发展水平条件下,阳泉市城市化发展可能使城市温度增高,城市绿地面积的增加可能对热岛效应有缓解作用。  相似文献   

梭梭和白梭梭主根周围土壤养分的梯度分布   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李从娟  马健  李彦  李惠 《中国沙漠》2011,31(5):1174-1180

采用野外原位分层取样的方法,研究了古尔班通古特沙漠两个主要建群种——生长于丘间低地的梭梭(Haloxylon ammodendron)和生长于沙丘顶部流沙地上的白梭梭(Haloxylon persicum)——主根周围土壤的pH值、电导率及养分的梯度变化状况。结果显示,梭梭和白梭梭根际微区(0～1 cm)pH值均较土体(1～10 cm)低,电导率和各养分在根际微区均出现了聚集现象,最大聚集率在0～0.2 cm圈层,梭梭、白梭梭的最大根际效应R/S分别为电导率1.17、1.23,有机质2.00、2.41,全N 2.64、2.86,有效N 2.42、3.26,有效P 2.14、1.71,全P 1.14、1.12(在两种植物根围土壤变化不是很大,但也存在正的根际效应),这说明梭梭和白梭梭根际微区均有显著的养分聚集的现象。结果还显示,梭梭根围土壤各因子均较白梭梭高,这可能是梭梭和白梭梭生活在不同生境所致。R/S分析表明,除有效磷外,白梭梭根际的“肥岛”效应均较梭梭明显,这说明了越是在养分胁迫的土壤环境,荒漠灌木的“肥岛”效应越显著。  相似文献   

云南高原保山市城市气候分析     

何萍  茶文彦  番丽明  黄惠  李宏波 《热带地理》2012,32(1):44-49

利用保山市及其郊区昌宁1964-2010年47 a的气象观测资料,主要选取城区与郊区同期的气温、相对湿度数据进行对比分析,发现保山市城市热岛、于岛强度均逐年增强.热岛强度季节变化春季最强,秋季最弱;日变化T02:00达到最强,而T 14:00最弱.干岛季节变化冬季最强,夏季最弱;日变化T02:00最强,而白天较弱.同时,利用灰色模型对保山市城市热岛与干岛强度进行关联度分析,结果表明:对城市热岛、干岛强度影响较大的人文因子均是年末人口,而影响最大的自然因子分别是降水量和总云量.  相似文献   

城市热岛效应下浅层土中混凝土的酸腐蚀试验研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

卢毅  施斌  刘瑾  顾凯  唐朝生  高磊 《地震学刊》2011,(3):241-246,274

针对城市热岛效应引起城区浅层土地温场升高这一观测结果,采用室内快速模拟试验方法,对城区酸性土壤腐蚀混凝土材料的温度效应开展了试验研究。试验研究了在温度为5℃、20℃和40℃条件下,混凝土试样在酸浓度分别为0%、5%和10%的沙土介质中放置30d、90d后的抗压强度变化规律,并对混凝土试样在腐蚀过程中的腐蚀系数变化规律和微观机理进行了分析;最后,对南京城区热岛效应环境下浅层土中混凝土材料酸腐蚀的强度变化规律进行了分析。试验结果表明,在同一腐蚀浓度下,混凝土试样抗压强度的下降速度随着温度的升高而不断加快,其腐蚀系数也随着温度的升高而不断增大;腐蚀介质的浓度越大,环境温度对混凝土腐蚀系数的影响就越明显;在温度为40℃、硫酸浓度为10%的沙土中放置30 d后,混凝土的腐蚀系数K达到45.21%,约是在5℃条件下腐蚀系数的2倍,相当于环境温度每上升1℃,混凝土腐蚀系数平均增加0.64%。该研究成果对于减轻城市热岛效应对岩土工程的影响具有重要意义。  相似文献   

楚雄市2008年城市热岛效应实测数据分析     

李宏波  何萍  张杰兵 《云南地理环境研究》2010,22(4):82-86,104

利用楚雄市2008年实测气温数据和楚雄市气象观测站2008资料,分析了楚雄市2008年城市热岛强度的变化,并与楚雄市往年城市热岛效应做对比分析,得到了2008年楚雄市城市热岛效应的月变化和日变化规律;同时分析了热岛强度与地面风速、相对湿度、气压以及大气污染物的灰色关联度。结果表明,2008年楚雄城市热岛效应的日变化和月变化规律明显,热岛效应呈现出明显的时段性和季节性;气象因子中风速和相对湿度对热岛的影响明显,大气污染物因子中NO2对热岛的影响较大。  相似文献   

不同气象条件下廊坊城市热岛效应变化特征   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5       下载免费PDF全文

王清川  郭立平  张绍恢 《气象与环境学报》2009,25(6):44-48

利用2005年9月—2008年8月廊坊市区域加密自动站逐时气温资料,采用城、郊气温对比法研究了不同气象条件对廊坊城市热岛效应的影响。结果表明：廊坊城市热岛强度夜间大于白天,但变化幅度白天大于夜间;在四季不同时段存在“城市冷岛”现象。不同气象条件下,廊坊城市热岛强度及变化存在明显差异,晴朗无风时城市平均热岛强度最大,平均强度达1.25℃,阴雨气象条件下城市平均热岛强度最小,平均强度仅有0.10℃。  相似文献   

Numerical simulation for the coupling effect of local atmospheric circulations over the area of Beijing,Tianjin and Hebei Province   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

ShuHua Liu  ZhenXin Liu  Ju Li  YinChun Wang  YanJun Ma  Li Sheng  HePing Liu  FuMing Liang  GuoJun Xin  JianHua Wang 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2009,52(3):382-392

Using the model system MM5.V3 and multi-layer grid nesting technique, we have done a multi-scale numerical simulation over the area of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei Province to analyze the temperature and wind field there and study its local circulations. The results show a coupling effect of Urban Heat Island Circulation (UHIC), Mountain Valley Breeze (MVB) and Sea Land Breeze (SLB) occurs in this area when the synoptic system is weak. The SLB can penetrate deep into the mainland for about 200 km when it is blooming. MVB can extend to south and cover almost the whole plain area in Beijing. Both MVB and SLB are diurnal periodical; meanwhile the phase of MVB drops behind that of SLB for about six hours. As a local circulation, the UHIC weakens the two circulations above, and it also has a diurnal period. As a result, the coupling effect of circulations reveals not only different features in spring-summer period and autumn-winter period in a year but also the difference between early morning to noonday and afternoon to night in a day. We noted the diffusion of contamination over the area around Beijing, and found the steady presence of a transport routine of contamination over North-China throughout the year caused by the Coupling Effect mentioned above. This find is important for studying the environment pollution in this area. Supported by Central Public Welfare Special Fund Program for the Institute and Higher Education (Grant No. IUMKY200701), Public Welfare Special Fund Program (Meteorology) of China Scientific and Technological Ministry (Grant Nos. CYHY20080620, CYHY200706004), Spread New Technology Program of China Meteorological Administration (Grant No. CMATG2007M15) and Urban Meteorology Scientific Research Fund Program of the Institute of Beijing Urban Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration (Grant No. UMRF200702)  相似文献   

Phreatomagmatic volcanic hazards where rift-systems meet the sea, a study from Ambae Island, Vanuatu   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Kroly Nmeth  Shane J. Cronin 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2009,180(2-4):246

Ambae Island is a mafic stratovolcano located in the northern Vanuatu volcanic arc and has a NE–SW rift-controlled elongated shape. Several hundred scoria cones and fissure-fed lava fields occur along its long axis. After many decades of quiescence, Ambae Island erupted on the 28th of November 2005, disrupting the lives of its 10,000 inhabitants. Its activity remained focused at the central (crater-lake filled) vent and this is where hazard-assessments were focused. These assessments initially neglected that maars, tephra cones and rings occur at each tip of the island where the eruptive activity occurred < 500 and < 300 yr B.P. The products of this explosive phreatomagmatic activity are located where the rift axis meets the sea. At the NE edge of the island five tephra rings occur, each comparable in size to those on the summit of Ambae. Along the NE coastline, a near-continuous cliff section exposes an up to 25 m thick succession of near-vent phreatomagmatic tephra units derived from closely spaced vents. This can be subdivided into two major lithofacies associations. The first association represents when the locus of explosions was below sea level and comprises matrix-supported, massive to weakly stratified beds of coarse ash and lapilli. These are dominant in the lowermost part of the sequence and commonly contain coral fragments, indicating that the loci of explosion were located within a reef or coral sediment near the syn-eruptive shoreline. The second type indicate more stable vent conditions and rapidly repeating explosions of high intensity, producing fine-grained tephra with undulatory bedding and cross-lamination as well as megaripple bedforms. These surge and fall beds are more common in the uppermost part of the succession and form a few-m-thick pile. An older tephra succession of similar character occurs below, and buried trees in growth position, as well as those flattened within base surge beds. This implies that the centre of this eruption was very near the coastline. The processes implied by these deposits are amongst the most violent forms of volcanism on this island. In addition, the lowland and coastal areas affected by these events are the most heavily populated. This circumstance is mirrored on many similar volcanic islands, including the nearby SW Pacific examples of Taveuni (Fiji), Upolu and Savai'i (Samoa), and Ambrym (Vanuatu). These locations are paradoxically often considered safe areas during summit/central-vent eruptions, simply because they are farthest from the central sources of ash-fall and lahar hazard. The observations presented here necessitate a revision of this view.  相似文献   

西安城市化对气温变化趋势的影响   总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16  

高红燕  蔡新玲  贺皓  王骊华  寇小兰  张宏 《地理学报》2009,64(9):1093-1102

利用1951-2006年西安及周围3站点的气象数据分析了城市气温变化和周围台站温度变化的差异,给出了4个测站不同阶段、不同季节城市化影响气温变化的趋势系数及线性变化趋势。结果表明：城市化对气温的影响具有明显的阶段性和季节性。1980年以前,无论平均气温还是月最低气温和最高气温,西安与其周围站点的线性趋势系数及线性变化趋势相差不大;但在1980年以后,城市站的线性趋势系数明显大于周围站点的趋势系数,特别是在1993年以后,西安站的平均气温、最高和最低气温线性趋势系数远大于其周围站点的趋势系数,是周围站点的1.6~3.5倍,说明城市的热岛效应不但提高了城市的温度同时也改变城市的增温率,使得城市气温增温率加大。西安及其周围站的线性增暖趋势在春季最大,其中西安达到2.20 ^oC/10a,是其它季节的2~4倍;秋季的线性增暖幅度次之,夏季最小。热岛效应对最高气温的最大贡献在春季,对最低气温的最大贡献在冬季。  相似文献   

云南高原楚雄市热岛效应因子的灰色分析   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0  

何萍  陈辉  李宏波  席武俊 《地理科学进展》2009,28(1)

采用云南高原楚雄市和其郊区南华气象观测站近30年的温度差值作为衡量热岛效应的标准,并合理选取楚雄市8项综合指标作为城市热岛效应因子,运用灰色关联度分析法对影响楚雄城市热岛效应的因子群进行了贡献关联度分析.结果表明:人口密度和耗电量是造成城市热岛效应的主要人为因子,风速和日照时数是影响城市热岛效应的主要气象因子.灰色系统协调预测模型的拟合和预测表明楚雄城市热岛效应今后5年有增强的趋势.  相似文献